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Short Glossar Biometric What is biometrics"A biometric is a measurable physical characteristic or personal trait used to recognize the identity, or verify the claimed identity, of a person through automated means." Stephen Cobb - International Computer Security Institute "Biometric authentication is automatic identification, or identity verification, of individuals using behavioural and/or physiological characteristics." Jim Wayman - Director of National Biometric Test Center, San Jose State University Biometric Authentication Biometric authentication measures the unique, invariable biological characteristics of an individual. One of the most common biometrics used today is fingerprint information. The biometric information is captured during enrollment and translated into a template, which is stored for subsequent authentication. The template can be stored on a portable device such as a smart card or iButton, in a database on a server, or any other appropriate environment. During authentication, the biometric information is captured and compared against the stored template. If the user is valid, the two images will match, and authentication is achieved. Pattern Recognition Pattern recognition algorithm is the basis for fingerprint authentication systems. This algorithm processes the entire fingerprint image, rather than simply selecting a limited number of minutiae points. This means that pattern recognition algorithms are more robust as they are not significantly affected by the loss of information when a finger is scarred, damaged, or dirty. Algorithm In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function. API An Application Program Interface is the programming interface inside applications. Authentication Is the act of establishing or confirming something (or someone) as authentic Authorization Is the function of specifying access rights to resources, which is related to information security and computer security in general and to access control in particular BioAPI The Biometric Application Program Interface is a key part of the International Standards that support systems that perform biometric enrollment and verification (or identification). It defines interfaces between modules that enable software from multiple vendors to be integrated together to provide a biometrics application within a system, or between one or more systems using a defined Biometric Interworking Protocol (BIP) Biometric Sensor A biometric sensor is the Hardware-Componente of a biometric system, which delivers the biometric measurement datas Certificate Is an electronic document used in cryptography Dataprotection Is the relationship between collection and dissemination of data, technology, the public expectation of privacy, and the legal and political issues surrounding them. EER Is the rate at which both accept and reject errors are equal. The value of the EER can be easily obtained from the ROC curve. The EER is a quick way to compare the accuracy of devices with different ROC curves. In general, the device with the lowest EER is most accurate Encoding Is the process by which information from a source is converted into symbols to be communicated Enrollment Is the process of adding a user's credentials to the authentication system FAR Is the probability that the system incorrectly matches the input pattern to a non-matching template in the database. It measures the percent of invalid inputs which are incorrectly accepte FER Is the rate at which attempts to create a template from an input is unsuccessful. This is most commonly caused by low quality inputs. FRR the probability that the system fails to detect a match between the input pattern and a matching template in the database. It measures the percent of valid inputs which are incorrectly rejected. Identification A one to many comparison of the captured biometric against a biometric database in attempt to identify an unknown individual. The identification only succeeds in identifying the individual if the comparison of the biometric sample to a template in the database falls within a previously set threshold. Cryptography Is the practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. Applications of cryptography include ATM cards, computer passwords, and electronic commerce. Public Key Infrastructure Is a set of hardware, software, people, policies, and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store, and revoke digital certificates.In cryptography, a PKI is an arrangement that binds public keys with respective user identities by means of a certificate authority (CA). Template Is a programming technique used by a compiler to generate temporary source code Trust Center / Certificate Authority For provable security this reliance on something external to the system has the consequence that any public key certification scheme has to rely on some special setup assumption, such as the existence of a certificate authority Verification A one to one comparison of a captured biometric with a stored template to verify that the individual is who he claims to be. Can be done in conjunction with a smart card, username or ID number.
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